1. These algorithms require only a few pointers, so their space complexity is. 2. However, the space complexity of this algorithm is proportional to, unnecessarily large. 3. Moreover, the space complexity for ropes and arrays are both O ( n ). 4. Several important space complexity classes are sublinear, that is, smaller than the size of the input. 5. In order to reduce the space complexity however, it is necessary to lose information in some way. 6. The Fisher Yates shuffle is quite efficient; indeed, its asymptotic time and space complexity are optimal. 7. This approximation has the desirable effect of removing the echo, while preserving the space complexity of the solution. 8. The reason is that DSPACE describes the space complexity used by deterministic Turing machines, which can represent actual computers. 9. This type of argument is also sometimes used for space complexity classes, alternating classes, and bounded alternating classes. 10. The running time of the algorithm and the space complexity is O ( n ) running time of the naive brute force calculation.